For the 808, most people use samples not synthesis, I bet you could find some free samples online (I have no idea why people mainly sample drum sounds from synthesis hardware, but they do). The same with the Joy Division drums, I'd try taking a dirty sounding drum kit, heavily filter it, then add some reverb. I'm not sure about Future Islands, but I listened to a couple of tracks and the bass was played on an instrument to? I think Sunvox and Supercollider are more for synthesis, but to get these sounds it's going to be easier to use samples.
Are you on Mac? GarageBand would be the obvious place to start because it has a ton of built-in sampled sounds.